• Start with manufacturing. The more impact you can make in the production of products and services, the lower its impact on the environment may be. [94]
• Reduce the overall material content and increase the percentage of recycled material in products.
• Reduce product and service energy consumption (of all types).
• Reduce the energy consumption in the manufacturing, recycling, transporting, and disposal phases as well.
• Reduce product and service water consumption.
• Eliminate toxic materials from product and service production and use.
• If toxic materials are unavoidable, make these easy to remove and separate them for recycling.
• Design more durable solutions that stay effective longer. [95]
• Eliminate unused or unnecessary product features.
• Design products to be quickly and easily disassembled.
• Consider transforming products into services by focusing on the value and benefits they provide to customers. Consider leasing and renting solutions in addition to those that rely on purchasing.
• Consider social issues as well as environmental ones. Who makes and services the solutions? Where? How? At what cost?
• Consider wider environmental issues, such as biodiversity, decentralization, competition, cooperation, and so on.
• Create and support “take-back” programs, either through retailers, distributors, or directly. [96]
• Consider distributed manufacturing, servicing, and repair to localize economies and reduce transportation costs.
• Create upgradable, serviceable, and repairable solutions.
