Furniture Design Ideas

Similar to historic value, Alterswert is an Erinnerungswert and not a Gegenwartswert. For this reason, Alterswert develops when a historic ob­ject has no practical meaning, when it has no more use value. Historic churches or residences may always continue to have use value, because they fulfill a need in the present. Respect for the effects […]

Riegl distinguishes, in addition to Gegenwartswerten (values of things in the present), such as the actual use value of an object, different historic preservation values as Erinnerungswert (the value of things recalled). He describes especially the preservation of art and history (Riegl 1903, p 144). “According to the generally used definition, a work of art […]

The presence of spontaneous nature in urban-industrial spaces allows a new type of landscape to emerge that is to be further designed. The decline of former heavy industries, however, stands in the way of the development of a new landscape. The history of these landscapes can be interpreted as a story of decline. Acceptance of […]

In addition, landscape architecture is involved in making urban-industrial spaces readable as landscapes, i. e. as large-scale works of nature and cul­ture. Thus in the Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord, typical elements of idyl­lic cultural landscapes and gardens were incorporated within the heavy – industry context. A kind of cottage garden with boxwood (Buxus semper – virens) and […]

The nature garden concept, as it is described by the Swiss author Schwarz, consists of promoting nature conservation in the garden by developing the natural biotopes that one would find in the ‘open’ landscape as much as possible in the city, such as hedges, wildflower meadows, ponds, etc. The urban open spaces should be made […]

As in forestry, landscape architecture also has a tradition which may bear fruit in the design of urban-industrial spaces. Landscape architecture dem­onstrates – as we have seen – a close connection with urban nature conser­vation. At first, landscape architecture was marginalized in the universities and also in the public perception because of the development of […]

Because woodlands grow on many urban-industrial sites as a result of natural succession, it stands to reason that these areas can be seen as ele­ments of forestry. In urban regions, however, these woodlands are not so much subject to forestry uses such as wood production, but rather take on recreation as their primary function. This […]

Urban nature conservation, as it was based significantly on the foundations of the Berlin urban ecology movement (cf. Wachter 2003, pp 91f), funda­mentally follows the same goals as general nature conservation set by the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz. In this way, urban nature conservation can not initially be differentiated from nature conservation in the ‘open’ landscape. However, a […]

The strategy of current nature conservation that is oriented toward preserv­ing a historic character has recently been criticized as ‘unnatural’ because it misjudges the evolutionary, dynamic character of nature and ultimately protects only the species and biotopes of the historic landscape (Scherz – inger 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997; Reichholf 1994). Nature conserva­tion, according to […]

In contrast to a more narrow understanding of nature conservation, Schoenichen (1942), for example, spoke of a nature conservation in the broad sense. With this, an active design of the landscape in the sense of modern landscape architecture was meant. This view of nature conserva­tion is predominantly culturally motivated, in that the cultural landscape, or […]