Furniture Design Ideas

An operator can be influenced and changed in different ways in order to improve the performance of the human-machine system. One method is to use various types of selection processes in order to try to identify and select those people who are best suited for the particular type of work. The question of selection will […]

In the design of an education and training programme of learning, the best results are likely to stem from following a number of ground rules: [21] • Feedback is of critical importance. The trainee must be informed continu­ally during training of his or her performance at different levels of learning. Over time, some trainees can […]

A definitive characteristic that differentiates humans from machines is the human ability to adapt to different situations. While some adaptation takes place instantly, such as when a person withdraws his or her hand from a hot surface, some adaptation may take place over a relatively long time. When adaptation is done systematically and according to […]

Sixty years ago control rooms did not exist. In manufacturing industries workers and supervisors together spent all their work time out on the shop floor. Forty years ago, in the 1960s, separate control rooms didn’t really exist in the sense we understand this concept today. In the noisy industrial workplaces of the day, operators and […]

Toni Ivergard and Brian Hunt CONTENTS 11.1 Similarities between Learning and Creativity………………………………………… 291 11.1.1 Perspective…………………………………………………………………………………. 292 11.1.2 Shifting the Paradigm: From Control Rooms to Control Centres…292 11.2 Education, Training, and Learning as a Part of Daily Work………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 293 11.3 Aiming for Success in Education, Training, and Learning………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 294 11.3.1 Simulator Training…………………………………………………………………….. 297 11.3.2 The Concept […]

In control room work, demands on motor functions are relatively small. Specialised control rooms such as cockpits on aircraft or bridges on ships have very particular operator requirements. Motor tasks comprise the turning of levers and wheels, fill­ing in forms, pressing keys on a keyboard, and dialling (telephones). As seen from Chapter 5, there are […]

Monitoring work is a typical example of a task causing a low level of loading. The tasks need an operator’s level of attention to be kept relatively high, while at the sametime there is relatively little for the operator to do and very little is happening. This is usually known as vigilance work. It is […]

In this section we examine some general aspects of fatigue and alertness. Then we discuss problems of underloading, which are especially common in control room work. Finally, we give a short example of the need for variety in the job and the risk of monotony due to lack of variation. 10.5.1 Fatigue and Alertness Fatigue […]

Various aspects of both physical and mental performance decline with age (see Fig­ure 10.10, continuous lines) with maximal ability occurring between 18 and 25 years of age. However, some comprehensive research (Forsman, 1966) has shown that certain types of mental abilities remain fairly stable until a relatively advanced age. In certain cases, some of those […]

The time taken to react to a stimulus by carrying out a certain action is called reac­tion time (also called response time). This could be, for example, pressing a button when a lamp lights. The greatest part of the reaction time is taken up centrally in the brain, that is, in making the decision to […]