A further study of glare is done using different specimens, to obtain a material that minimizes construction costs and has required characteristics. Laminates have been designed to study the propagation mode of the crack, and in these specimens the fibres are not in the direction of maximum strength to promote the investigated damage. 12 specimens […]
Category: ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS – ECODESIGN AND ANALYSIS
GLARE
The glare is a fibre-metal laminate; it is made of thin aluminium sheets with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and fibreglass embedded in an epoxy matrix with a thickness of 0.125 mm and a nominal fibre volume fraction of 59%. Fibres direction is related to the lamination direction of aluminium sheets; 0° or Longitudinal rolling […]
Experimental procedures
5.1 Realization of the laminates Quasi-isotropic and reinforced aluminium specimens have been used in experimental tests (Vasek et al., 1997). The vacuum bag technique has been used to implement the laminates (Marannano & Virzi’ Mariotti, 2008) with a polyester resin, since this resin is very used in shipbuilding for its low cost. The catalyst (2-3% […]
Fatigue graphs: load-number of cycles curves
The most common method to present fatigue dates is to plot stress (S) versus the number of cycles (N), these graphs are called S-N curves. The ordinate is usually the maximum stress or stress range. The abscissa is usually the number of cycles to failure for fixed cycle of stress or deformation and it is […]
Fatigue behavior of composite materials
always does not start with the growth and development of macro-crack at an only point. Also there are good possibilities that cracks formation and propagation are already present within the materials (cracks in the matrix, broken fibres). Under fatigue load, these defects give rise to the formation of cracks and to their propagation. Defects growth […]
The third module (or data acquisition module)
The load values are monitored and registered by a dedicated acquisition system during the experimental tests. The whole system consists of a strain sensor (load cell), a strain indicator, a digital-analog connector and a computer. Special software, created and developed in LabView room, allows to record and display the values of variation of stiffness of […]
Materials testing machine (FTM)
1.1 General presentation Fatigue tests on plastics and composite materials must be performed under similar conditions to those operational (frequency, environmental conditions, specimen geometry, etc.). Materials testing machine for dynamic load in alternate plane bending is constituted by three modules: 1. the first module (or control module) generates a sinusoidal movement; 2. the second module […]
Design and use of a Fatigue Test Machine in Plane Bending for Composite Specimens and Bonded Joints
G. Di Franco, G. Marannano, A. Pasta and G. Virzi Mariotti Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Dip. di Meccanica, Viale Delle Scienze – 90128 Palermo Italy 1. Introduction Polymeric and composites materials are used increasingly as structural parts in industry and therefore many informations on mechanical properties (creep, relaxation, fatigue life) are necessary. Composite materials […]
Interface crack growth monitoring
al., 2006]. This sensor proved to have a linear symmetric strain response under static and dynamic loading. However, the CNTs were only included within the sensor itself. A similar study showed that multidirectional strains could be measured using an isotropic film of CNTs placed on a four point probe [Dharap, et al., 2004]. This probe […]
Enhancement of interface strength
Many studies have been conducted to determine the type of bonds formed between CNT and epoxy. The general conclusion is that CNT bond in three main ways: micromechanical interlocking, chemical bonding, and van der Waals bonding. While the CNT surface is quite smooth, it has been proposed that there are local non-uniformities in the CNT […]