Furniture Design Ideas

This study primarily recognize national and subnational experiences on REDD+ readiness with the following objectives: a. To acknowledge the current status of REDD+ in Indonesia b. To comprehend the challenge of a REDD+ financial mechanism in Indonesia c. To assess the knowledge level and realize the opinion on the REDD+ program in the provincial level: […]

Activities, Financial Mechanisms, and Provincial Perspectives in Indonesia Ima Yudin Rayaningtyas and Nobukazu Nakagoshi Abstract Climate change has become the international issue of the moment. Because most of Indonesia’s emissions result from deforestation, land degradation, inappropriate land uses, and land use conversion, reducing emissions from defor­estation and forest degradation (REDD)+ has become an eminent priority […]

We lacked niche information for A. formosana, so the environmental factors (slopes and aspects) were evaluated in this study. This information is valuable for land management decisions regarding soil and water conservation and eco-technology. The slope was measured in degrees in the image. The aspect values were grouped into eight principal directions (north, northeast, east, […]

Because A. formosana is a rock plant, the DTM was integrated to estimate the niche area more accurately. The raster data of slope degrees and slope areas were calculated. The slopes ranged from 0.00° to 81.82°; this means that the increases in the hypotenuse and area ranged from 1 to 8.73 fold (with trigonometric function […]

18.3.1 Effect of Textural Enhancement on Image Classification Figure 18.5 shows the original ortho-aerial photograph and enhanced images (the original photograph combined with the textural images). The MLC of supervised classification was adopted to discuss the benefit of this approach. Some environ­mental effects, such as shadow, aerosol, and terrain, create spectral variance and impact the […]

Although A. formosana is distributed widely below 1,800 m MSL in Taiwan, we still lacked niche information; therefore, we performed this study to gain an understanding of the niche. Slope and aspect were computed using Horn’s algo­rithm. The aspect values were grouped into eight principal directions (north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest). […]

An ortho-aerial photograph is helpful and effective in obtaining the status and estimation of (LU/LC) area in flat regions. However, A. formosana grows well in steep regions where trees cannot grow, and the terrain is extremely steep in this reserve. Therefore, the area of A. formosana growth might be underestimated if we use conventional methods […]

Interpreters classify (LU/LC) easily by using image tone (color) and texture (Campbell 2002; Lillesand et al. 2007). The color of A. formosana was similar to that of other vegetation in some regions, so the texture was used to extract data for this species more effectively. Many speckle reduction filters (e. g., Lee, Lee-Sigma, Frost) assume […]

Before the 921 earthquake, the forest vegetation zones were mainly classified into Ficus-Machilus forests, Machilus-Castanopsis forests, and forests dominated by some pioneer species in this reserve. The steeper slopes and dry environment reduced human disturbances, and precious species such as Zelkova serrata, Schima superba, Liquidambar formosana, Ulmus parvifolia, Firmiana simplex, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Carpinus kawakamii […]

18.2.1 Study Area The Jiou-Jiou peaks area is situated on the north shore of Wu River of the middle course of Dadu River. Its steep slopes reduce human disturbance, so several species of wildlife could be protected, which increased ecosystem complexity and biodi­versity. The 921 earthquake, Richter magnitude of 7.3, caused serious casualties and damage […]