Furniture Design Ideas

An approach oriented on botanical growth rules was pioneered by De Reffye et al. [34]. The authors simulated the growth of the shoot axes in discrete time steps from node to node. one internode after the other is placed along a shoot, and branching and leaves are produced. The time steps are fixed within the […]

Bloomenthal [17, 18] focuses on the geometrical aspects of tree modeling. The approach is demonstrated with a tree example that shows a branching struc­ture generated by a recursive algorithm. Unfortunately, its production is not revealed. The control points created with the algorithm are then connected by continuous spline interpolation. The surface is created by connecting […]

Compared with the previous achievements in this area, the works of Reeves [171] as well as Reeves and Blau [172] illustrate the different motivations un­derlying the modeling of plants. Reeves, employed with Lucasfilm, needed a fast, relatively realistic method to represent vegetation such as forest or meadows. The botanical correctness of the models was in […]

Ten years after their first work, Honda et al. [92] examined how a branching procedure can be controlled by rule mechanisms. They found that with plants that have dense branching structures, no overlapping of the branches occurred, therefore there had to exist a mechanism by which overlapping could be pre­vented locally. The simulation of such […]

Honda [91] and Fisher [62, 63] also came from a botany background. Their approach is to simulate the branching structures of trees and other plants using another procedural model. Here, for the first time, three-dimensional tree skele­tons evolve. The pictures are obtained through projection of the 3D-data onto the viewing plane. However, the model is […]

Independently of the discrete cellular automata, Dan Cohen, a botanist, im­plemented the first procedural method for the modeling of branching struc­tures [29]. For each branching pattern a Fortran program was written using a set of simple growth rules. Although here for each structure a new algorithm is programmed (we are deal­ing with a typical procedural […]

Stanislaw Ulam [220] worked with John von Neumann and became inspired by von Neumann’s concept of cellular automata. In this concept, the space, either an arbitrary dimensional abstract space or – for botanical simulation – the usual two – or three-dimensional space, is divided entirely into cells of the same dimension. Aside from the division […]

Programming of Plants Computer-assisted simulation of natural growth processes was introduced as early as 1966 – during the time computers became more and more available to researchers. So-called cellular automata, simple computer models, developed by John von Neumann (1903-1957) in the 1950s, were utilized by Stanislaw Ulam in 1966 for the production of branching patterns. […]

contrary to the phenomenological models, mechanistic models are based on ecological parameters of individual system components, which are defined in­dependently. The result of the simulation is determined by these parameters, by the interaction characteristics of the plants involved, and by the model as­sumptions. The first category of such models is reaction-diffusion models, which describe the […]

in such models the focus no longer is on the single plants and their total num­ber, but on the surface used as well as the growth rate. The density of the indi­vidual species is determined here by real measurements in nature. interaction between the species takes place according to an ecological model. in the simplest […]